Monday, March 14, 2016

The People V. . . . Episode Six

The focus of this episode is three fold, Detective Fuhrman’s racism, the competence of the detectives in the case, and the stresses on Marcia Clark.  First, let me respond to what was shown as Clark’s experiences as a woman prosecutor in a high profile case.  
The producers of the series were offering that as one of the reasons the DA’s office failed to get a conviction.  They even made up the dance scene and apparent serious relationship that they presumed grew up between Clark and Chris Darden.  I saw none of that in the books about the case.  But the writers of this series were going for drama and the touch of romance suited their purposes.
However, the stresses were very real.  Tough as Clark was, she still changed her hair style and clothes in response to media criticism.  And her divorce situation was used against her in the media.  
The jury saw none of that, though of course they noticed changes in her hair and clothes.  They were almost as much in prison as OJ was during the trial, with little contact with the rest of the world and no contact with newspapers, radio, or television at the time.  I have yet to see anyone from the jury remark about Marcia Clark’s appearance or stress.  
The series writers did an interesting juxtaposition on Clark and Detective Fuhrman.  Near the episode’s beginning, Clark was stopped by security, despite her notoriety as the lead DA on the trial.  She was made to go back through the metal detector with the rest of the folks trying to get a seat in the court room.  Near the end of the episode, Fuhrman and two aides were ignored by security as they marched past the metal detector and into the court room.  I do not recall that ever in any of the books but it sure was dramatic.  I don’t think the writers liked Fuhrman.
Second, the writers did show some flaws in the approach of the detectives to the case.  In Vannatter’s book about the trial, he said he connected OJ to the crime the moment he saw the drops of blood on the drive from the Bronco to OJ’s house.  But at trial, he finally admitted OJ was the chief suspect from the beginning after having testified in court that at the beginning he was still reserving judgment on whom the killer might be.  Lange, upon cross examination by Johnny Cochran, admitted that he took OJ’s shoes home overnight before turning them in as evidence, something he admitted he had never done in any other case.  
The defense took a similar hit when Rosa Lopez, the maid of the home next door to Rockingham, did not appear to be free of Cochran’s direct influence in discussing when she saw the Bronco at the Rockingham gate.  In my reading, I found that Lopez was the second person Fuhrman spoke with at Rockingham the morning after the murders.  After Vannatter and Lange went to find OJ’s older daughter and then make the call to Chicago, Fuhrman listened to Kato Kaelin’s rendition of the three thumps against his room’s back wall.  Fuhrman went next door and spoke at length with Lopez. Then he went through her back yard to where he could see the air conditioner on Kaelin’s back wall.  She told him that she had heard men’s voices coming from OJ’s property.  They were in a heated argument for a few minutes.  She thought it was around two or three in the morning.  None of that got into the series’ telling of the trial so far.  I add it because her testimony, manipulated by Cochran or not, may have had an impact on the jury as they sought to figure out what happened at Rockingham that night.
Third, this episode brings a crucial point according to the writers of the series.  The “N…” word is spoken in court and the defense gets Fuhrman to claim he never used that word, ever.  The writers see the line of questioning by lawyer F. Lee Bailey, as a “dog whistle.”  African Americans on the jury would see Fuhrman as a liar if he said he never used it or as a condemnation of him if he admitted using it.  It was a tactic with no real substance, as the writers seem to presume.  What they forgot is the very point that Cochran made in his argument with Darden during the pre-trial phase: African Americans have heard that word so many times they were mature enough to look past it to see if its user is honest about it or not.
Most of you will remember where that all went and we can look forward to it in a future episode.  I’m guessing it will be in the last episode because it seems to be the linchpin to the myth of why the mostly African American jury exonerated OJ. – As you watch the remaining episodes, check out that jury.  There are three Anglos and one Hispanic.  May I suggest that at least the one white man was not likely to be affected by Fuhrman’s racism.  “So what else is new?” he would likely tell you and say it was other things, evidence, that led him to decide “not guilty.”  
Finally, you noticed that Clark brought out a poster with several pictures on it, including the bloody gloves.  She had Fuhrman point to the picture of the glove as the one he found at Rockingham.  For cinematic reasons, you will not see that poster again.  But in the trial, that poster and all the others that Clark felt told her story best were set up in front of the jury to ponder for most of the eight months of the trial.  The evidence for OJ’s innocence or guilt were right in front of their noses that whole time.  Unfortunately, you probably won’t get to see the posters again in this series.  So we will have to see what else the writers say that the jury heard that led them to free OJ.  Good drama ends with a surprise, a plausible surprise.  It will be interesting how the writers pull that off, given everyone knows how the trial ended.

Monday, March 7, 2016

The People V. . . . The Autopsies 2

In the autopsies published in the book by Freed and Briggs, KILLING TIME, Dr. Irwin Golden, the coroner, described several of the wounds, bruises, and abrasions as "defensive."  The stab wounds into both victims' scalps were defensive in that the skull is pretty tough and those with martial arts training will lower their heads to receive a stab move if they can't evade them.  Both victims had stab marks into their hands which Golden listed as defensive.

Also considered defensive moves by Golden were the forearm bruises on Ron Goldman which are most likely the attempts to block an arm wielding a knife.

Imagine the force involved when a murderer is trying to stab someone and the victim tries to stop the move by using a forearm.  If the blow causes a bruise on the victim, realize that there would be a comparable bruise on the forearm of the killer.  Ron was not a passive victim.  With both his tennis agility and marital arts training, he was capable of putting up a fight and the bruises on his arms show he was able to do some defensive acts.  And the killer would come away with signs of those impacts.

The autopsy on Ron also indicated that he may have struck some serious blows.  In addition to the bruises reported on his arms, there were bruises and abrasions on the knuckles and the back of his fingers that are characteristic of offensive moves in karate.  Golden indicated they were "defensive" moves" but that can be understood as the actions of someone defending himself.  If there were such blows, they landed on the killer(s).

As strong and agile as OJ might have been at the age of forty six with knees that were arthritic, it is highly unlikely that he could have come out of that bloody attack without himself having been seriously beaten up.  Put Ron and OJ into that small garden area outside the Bundy condo, a space smaller than your smallest bedroom and only slightly larger than your walk-in closet, can you imagine anyone coming out of a "to-the-death" struggle without bruises and abrasions?

When OJ was examined by police physicians the day he got back from Chicago, and a few days later by the physicians brought in by the defense, there was not a bruise on him anywhere.

The autopsy also reveals that Nicole not only used her skull and hands to block attempts to stab her, she may have struck a serious blow on one of the killers.  On the right side of her head is a serious bruise.  It is possible that she used a head butt against someone holding her from behind and broke his nose.  She was five foot five, and weighed 129 pounds so a move by her could pack a wallop, with a corresponding bruise on her own body.  According to Freed and Briggs in their book KILLING TIME, blood was found on her back that did not belong to her, Ron, or OJ.

A careful reading of the autopsies offers clues not only that there were more than one person involved in the attack on Nicole and Ron, but that they fought back with some skill and force, doing damage to their attackers and requiring from 8 to 15 minutes before the two were overcome.  Nicole was not a pansy and Ron, an athletic 171 pounds on a five foot nine body, did not go down without a major fight.

That major fight could not have been with OJ.



Sunday, March 6, 2016

The People V. . . . The Autopsies 1

The autopsies where done on June 14, Nicole at 7:30 am and Ron Goldman at 10:30 am, with Detectives Vannater and Lange present, roughly 36 hours after the murders.  Dr. Irwin Golden conducted both.  He was not called to testify by the prosecution.  His supervisor did that.

Before I try to describe any of the wounds the victims received, I need to clarify two things, the shapes of the stab wounds and the difference between a bruise and an abrasion.

The latter is easy in that abrasions have a break in the skin such as a scrape and a bruise does not.  I will deal with them in my next posting.  For this one, I will focus on the stab wounds.

The stab wound shapes are much more subtle.  For example, a standard kitchen knife having a six inch blade has a stabbing shape of a long, narrow triangle.  One end of the stab is tapered and the other end had a flat edge about one sixteenth of an inch wide.  A sword or its dagger-sized cousin the stiletto leaves a stab wound that has two tapered edges and no flat edges.

Dr. Golden identified stab wounds of at least three kinds: stiletto, standard blade with 1/32 inch flat edge, and standard blade with 1/16 inch flat edge.

When Detective Fuhrman tried to reconcile the three different shapes of stab wounds, he suggested a field knife that was tapered from the point to two inches in where the flat edge began relatively thin and widened as it got farther from the point.  Below, let me address the stab wounds each received under the three shapes Dr. Golden identified with each victim.  First will be the length of the wound, then the size of the edge, and finally the depth of the wound which he was able to determine by using a probe into the wound.

Nicole Brown Simpson's stab wounds:

To the left side of the neck: 
(1) 5/8" wide, 1/32" edge, 1-1/2" deep
(2) 1/2" wide, 1/32" edge, 2" deep
(3) 7/8" wide, 1/32" edge, 1" deep 

To the left hand:
(1) 1/4" wide, 1/16" edge, 1/4" deep
(2) 1/2" wide, 1/16" edge, 1/4" deep 

 To the scalp:
3/16" wide. tapered edges, 1/8" deep

This kind of detail suggests that there were at least three different knives (or even two or more attackers with the same kind of knife) involved since the respective depths preclude the kind of knife Fuhrman envisioned.

How about what the autopsy reports about Ronald Goldman?

To the left side of neck:
6" wide, 1/16" edge, 2" deep 

To the right side of the neck:
5/8th" wide, 1/16" edge, 2" deep (additional tapered stab mark was there too)

To the right ear:
1-1/4" wide, 1/16" edge, 1/4" deep

To the right cheek:
5/8" wide, 1/32" edge, 1/4" deep

To the scalp:
(1) 5/8" wide, 1/16" edge, 3/8" deep
(2) 1/4" wide, 1/16" edge, 1/4" deep

To the chest:
(1) Right side, 5/8" wide, 1/32" edge, 4" deep
(2) Right side, 1-1/2" wide, 1/32" edge, 2" deep
(3) Right side below ribs, 3/8" wide, tapered edges, 1" deep
(4) Left abdomen, 3/4" wide, 1/16" edge, 5-1/2" deep

To left thigh:
2-1/8" wide, 1/32" edge, 3-1/2" deep

To the right clavicle border:
1/2" wide, 1/16" edge, 1/4" deep

To the hands:
(1) Right hand, 3/4" wide, tapered edge, 1/2" deep
(2) Right hand, 1/2" wide, 1/16" edge, 1/4" deep
(3) Left hand thumb web, tapered edge, 1/4" deep

Note that all but one of the major wounds is a stab wound and not a slash.

Again, it has to be concluded that there were at least three different knives.  Given the amount of time it took for the two victims to bleed to death (I have chosen not to add all of the knife-related injuries nor have I indicated which were fatal).  Each victim was left unconscious.  Ron's wounds led to fatal internal bleeding as well as some external while Nicole's were external.  It is highly unlikely that OJ would have carried three knives and took turns using them.  Look at the stab wounds to Ron's chest.  All three kinds of blades are indicated and they went into Ron from different directions.  

Freed and Briggs, in their book, report that witnesses saw four men fleeing the scene.      

Friday, March 4, 2016

The People V. . . . The White Bronco

You probably caught the detail in Episode Two that there were actually two white Broncos.  OJ got his as a perk from Hertz for whom he did TV ads and his friend Al Cowling bought one because he liked OJ's.  The slow chase on the 17th of June was in Cowling's while OJ's was sitting in a police lot.  If Marcia Clark was concerned about evidence in the Bronco, that concern did not get to those where OJ's Bronco sat unlocked and vulnerable to theft and contamination.

Each of the two Broncos had what the prosecution considered important evidence.  

Cowling's Bronco contained a number of things that were considered proof that OJ was really trying to flee the country: nearly a thousand dollars in cash, passports, and a fake beard.  The prosecution did not explain why Cowling made no effort to head for LAX or for Mexico.  The defense's view was that OJ faced possible death at the hands of snipers that had been in the trees around his home when he arrived back from Chicago and took along those items as an alternative to his suicide gun, probably at Cowling's urging.  Whatever else we can understand about this evidence, OJ was upset, depressed, and not thinking clearly.  But finally he turned himself in.

OJ's Bronco has a more extensive story.  There are four things to note.

One, as we saw in Episode One, the limo driver who came to take OJ to LAX for his flight to Chicago on the night of the murders did not notice the Bronco at the Rockingham gate to OJ's mansion.  If it wasn't there at the time that OJ was seen by the driver going into the house, 10:54 pm, where was it?  And who moved it to where it was found the next morning when the detectives arrived around 5 am?  But what if it was there and the limo driver just did not notice, as the defense claimed and had a witness who saw it parked by the curb at the time the limo arrived?  And if the Bronco came up to the Rockingham gate, about sixty feet from where the driver was, a moment before he saw the "large Black man" go into the main entrance of the mansion, how is it that the driver did not hear that noisy engine on that quiet street that late evening, noisy enough to have been heard from a block away under that circumstance?  (Broncos were built as competition with the Jeep and was intentionally noisy.)

Two, OJ left a bloody mess in his kitchen the night of the 12th.  He said he was rushing around at the last minute and discovered he did not have his cell phone.  He had left it in the Bronco so around five to 11, he rushed out to the Bronco, unlocked it, reached hastily for the cell and jammed his finger, pulled it out, closed and locked the Bronco, and rushed back inside only to discover his left hand was bleed profusely.  Having taken Nsaids for his arthritis, his blood was thinner and he bled a lot.  He tried to clean the blood up the best he could and stop the bleeding.  He had Kato Kaelin and the driver load his two bags into the limo, and he was still fifteen minutes late leaving for the airport.  He left the bloody mess in the kitchen for his maid to clean the next day.  But he was unaware that he had left a trail of blood drops from the Rockingham gate through the front door.

Three, on the 13th, when the detectives were trying to get someone in the mansion to open the gate for them, Detective Fuhrman examined the Bronco.  He noticed some drops of blood on the door.  With that as a concern that there might be more victims inside the mansion but with no warrant, Vannatter authorized Fuhrman to climb the wall and get them in to search for victims.  Fuhrman had been to Rockingham officially at least one time some years earlier in response to a domestic dispute.  Unofficially, he was probably among the officers who took advantage of the pool and tennis courts and maybe OJ's largesse.  Because Vannatter knew Fuhrman was familiar with Rockingham, he had invited him to lead the way from Bundy.  While Vannatter and Lange went to find and talk with OJ's daughter Arnelle, Fuhrman explored the grounds, found the glove on the walkway, and then returned to the Bronco.  Since it was locked, he looked inside the Bronco using his flashlight and thought he saw some more blood inside.  He then went and got the other detectives to tell them about the glove and the Bronco.  For some reason a little later, Fuhrman wanted to have the hood popped so unlocking the door, he asked his friend who had been holding and petting the bloody Akita at the Bundy crime scene to climb in and pull the hood latch.

Four, OJ's Bronco was finally impounded two days later.  Two days after that, while sitting in the police lot, several items were stolen from it.  The Bronco was finally examined for evidence two months after the impounding.

Too bad the Broncos can't talk either.

Thursday, March 3, 2016

The People V. . . . Episode Five

This episode sets the two main themes, battered women and racism, into juxtaposition.  For Jeffrey Toobin, from whose book this series was adapted, and practically all of those who believe OJ was guilty, the presumption that a spouse abuser can take the step up to murder settled the question of guilt, and the "race card" was a strategy to blind the jury to the "mountain of evidence" against OJ.  

Is it possible that racism was the actual dynamic for the accusing of and arrest of OJ and evidence manufactured to point at him and that the spouse abuse issue was used to blind the jury to the facts and in the process justify the racism?  My unsolicited opinion is that both are heinous and need to be set aside as we try to find the evidence that leads us to what really happened.  Unfortunately, drama lends itself to bringing in emotion and this series is good drama, no matter what the truth of the case was.  Also unfortunately, this episode makes the defense look like the racism defense was contrived simply for the sake of winning.  

Fortunately, this episode also shows some sensitivity to just how scary it is to be a black man in a white society.  Johnny Cochran was harassed by the police when he was an assistant DA early in his career.  Chris Darden saw he was being used because he was African American.  It was quite a moment when he persuaded Marcia Clark to take over questioning of Mark Fuhrman.  The drama of that moment was right on: she really had no clue what putting Fuhrman on the stand would do to her case.

The view of the series' writers is that every move by the defense was contrived.  That was illustrated in three ways.  First, it showed the way Cochran staged OJ's mansion.  That was really driven home by the fact that the condo was left unfurnished while OJ's mansion was gussied up.  I want to remind you that the condo was an empty commercial property, was on the market not long after the murders in June of 1994, and the jurors did not get to see the two sites until nearly a year later.  The prosecution had not anticipated that the condo would be empty and made no effort to bring in the very things that would have shown Nicole being a mother and a human being with a life.  

Did you notice that there were no scenes of the outside where the murders occurred?  Neither was there an effort to show the walkway at Rockingham where the bloody glove was found and how it related to the entrance to OJ's house. 

The second effort to show Cochran contrived the defense was in the conversation between Cochran and Darden about Darden's concern to show respect to one another.  Cochran looked bad in the scene because he said respect didn't matter.  Winning was all that mattered.  That conversation was not shown to be nuanced.  All lawyers by the nature of our adversarial trial processes are out to win.  And respect does not require one side to agree with the other.  Disagreeing cannot always be agreeable in the courtroom.

I liked how the argument between Darden and Cochran about the use of the "N" word was shown.  Don't forget the argument occurred before the jury was brought in.  Darden urged Judge Ito to prohibit the use the racial epithets on the grounds that they would enflame the jury and blind them to the evidence.  Cochran forcefully countered that the African American members of the jury heard that word and worse every day and were grown up enough to look past them in considering the evidence.

The third effort to show Cochran was a manipulator was the discussion about how juries accepted the best story and that the Defense would just have to tell a better one.  One key line may have gone unnoticed because it was set amidst the emotional discussion: "They will accept the story that covers the facts best."  In my experience working on defense of accused pastors, I saw how the prosecution's narrative, especially when it could use a very emotionally loaded cause to enrich its telling, like victimizing women, became very hard to overcome with a narrative that better accounted for the facts.  Cochran must have been very good at neutralizing the prosecution's story in the other cases he won fighting for justice for African American victims of police brutality.  

This episode brings up several other interesting things but let me touch on only one more, the dinner party of Judge Ito's friend, Dominic Dunn, at which the battered woman issue is brought up.  The host said that Nicole's parents were the ones who insisted that Nicole stay with OJ after the incidents of alleged abuse occurred.  Earlier in this episode, Marcia Clark had said there were 62 such incidents.  Somehow I find it hard to believe that even the loving grandparents would force her back into a violent relationship 62 times.  In the reading that I did, I saw only five.  One is too many, of course, but what actually happened in each and why are important.  While most battered women are victims of bad men and too many are killed upon separation from those men, there are rare situations where the woman is the violent one.  There are also instances where the woman contrives or makes up situations as a way of setting up a very lucrative divorce.  Being OJ's spouse was a very lucrative spot to be in.  To be divorced from him could also be very lucrative.  

We can examine that possibility just like we can the possibility that Cochran was only using the race card to manipulate the jury.  But neither will lead us to a meaningful conclusion about OJ's guilt or innocence.  Only legitimate evidence will do that.

We need to see what evidence is brought up by the series writers, which is inaccurate or inadequate, and which is ignored.  "Just the facts, Ma'am."

The People V. . . . The Dogs

It seems everyone in Brentwood had dogs.  Many of them were out with their dogs quite late at night, often at a regular time because of their owners having watched a favorite TV show or the news before going out to walk their dogs.  The owners therefore had a pretty good idea of what time it was if they heard or saw something that might have been related to the crime at the Bundy condo.

The prosecution, according to Episode Five, began its timeline for the murders at 10:15 pm when a wailing dog was heard coming from the direction of Nicole's condo.

It is presumed by the prosecution that the wailing dog was Kato, Nicole's Akita.  Not all the folks out that night heard the wailing dog when the prosecution's witness said it happened.  Others say a barking dog was heard from Bundy from 10:45 on.  Kato (the dog) was found barking outside the Bundy address at 10:55 pm by a couple passing by.  Finding no ID on the dog, they took it home only to discover the dog had quite a bit of blood on it.  So a friend was called who was willing to take the dog back to where it had been found.  That friend followed the dog up to where he could see Nicole's body.  He then called the police about 11:55 and they arrived at 12:17 am.

OJ also had an Akita. Her name was Chachi.  Akitas are good watchdogs, pretty possessive of their territory, pretty noisy when a stranger encroaches on it.  According to Freed and Briggs, Chachi was in the driveway at Rockingham when Detective Fuhrman climbed over the gate around 5:15 am to get into the mansion with Detectives Van Natter and Lange to tell OJ about Nicole's death.  Chachi made no fuss whatsoever when Fuhrman came in.  One of the things said about Fuhrman was that he was the "detective to the stars" and it appears he was familiar enough to Chachi not to cause it to act like a watchdog.

One of the police officers who was a friend of Fuhrman got to the Bundy crime scene before Fuhrman arrived around 2 am.  Fuhrman found him with Nicole's Akita, Kato, holding him and petting him.  No one had cleaned the blood off of Kato so the officer had blood on his uniform from the dog.  That same officer was with Fuhrman later in the early morning over at Rockingham where Fuhrman had him climb into the Bronco to pop the hood for Fuhrman, leaving some smears of blood from the crime scene inside the Bronco.

One more thing: How did Kato get out of the condo?  Apparently it was sleeping upstairs with the children when Nicole and Ron were killed.  The prosecution contended that OJ was chased by the dog but they never explained how it got out.  They never were able to explain the fact that the distance between the blood stained Bruno Magli shoe prints was small enough that the prints indicated walking deliberately and not in haste.

Strangely, the bloody foot prints led out the front and also out the back with bloody paw prints going both ways as well.  Why did the foot prints go both ways?  Did Kato open the condo door himself?  Did he really chase the murderer?

If only dogs could talk.


Tuesday, March 1, 2016

The People V. . . . Crime Scene at Bundy Drive

On the night of June 12, 1994, in the eastern Los Angeles suburb of Brentwood, on the coast near Santa Monica, Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman were killed.  Ms. Simpson's condo was near the front of the building on Bundy Drive.  The walkway from the street had attractive shrubbery which shielded the entry on the side of her condo.  The walkway to the street is blocked by a locked gate.  About five feet inside the gate, four stairs take the walkway up past the door of the condo on the left, and then continues back past other ground floor condos to a back gate next to the garages for the building.  The gate and the garages open onto a wide alley that runs parallel to Bundy.

There is a railing along the walkway up the stairs at Nicole's condo.  To the right of the railing is a small yard about five by ten that is enclosed by a fence.  (I found no precise description of the yard's dimensions and estimate the size from a police drawing printed in the book KILLING TIME.)  Nicole's body was found curled on her side in a near-fetal position at the foot of the stairs.  Ron's was found inside the fenced-in yard in a slouched-seated position facing Nicole's body.

Outside, on the stairs and walkway there was blood everywhere, blood that had flowed from the many stab wounds each had suffered before they died.  Neither died instantaneously, hence all the blood on the walkway.  From the blood on the ground, shoe and paw prints were evident to the front and to the back.

Inside the condo, the lights were on in the kitchen where a large kitchen knife sat on the counter near the door.  The lights were also on in the living room where music was playing.  A melting dish of ice cream was sitting on the coffee table.  The bathroom had fragrant candles lit around the tub.  Upstairs, OJ's two young children by Nicole were asleep in their beds.

The bodies were found close to midnight.  The police arrived at 12:17 am.  They find Ron's body in the side yard.  They survey the site.  

At 2:10, Detective Fuhrman and his partner arrive only to be told at 2:50 that the case was assigned to Detectives Van Natter and Lange.  They do no "detecting."

Around 4:00, Van Natter and Lange arrive and take over the investigation.  Around 6:30, they contact the coroner and tell him not too come until later.

The four detectives go back and forth between Bundy and Rockingham more than once.  The two sites are only two miles apart, five minutes drive time.  

The coroner did not arrive until 9 am.

A criminalist does not come to examine the crime scene until 10:10 am.